Create text-based ASCII art diagrams using PlantUML. Perfect for documentation in terminal environments, README files, emails, or any scenario where graphical diagrams aren't suitable.
PlantUML can generate diagrams as plain text (ASCII art) instead of images. This is useful for:
- Terminal-based workflows
- Git commits/PRs without image support
- Documentation that needs to be version-controlled
- Environments where graphical tools aren't available
| Flag | Format | Description |
|---|
-txt
| ASCII | Pure ASCII characters |
-utxt
| Unicode ASCII | Enhanced with box-drawing characters |
@startuml
participant Bob
actor Alice
Bob -> Alice : hello
Alice -> Bob : Is it ok?
@enduml
# Standard ASCII output
plantuml -txt diagram.puml
# Unicode-enhanced output (better looking)
plantuml -utxt diagram.puml
# Using JAR directly
java -jar plantuml.jar -txt diagram.puml
java -jar plantuml.jar -utxt diagram.puml
Output is saved as diagram.atxt (ASCII) or diagram.utxt (Unicode).
@startuml
actor User
participant "Web App" as App
database "Database" as DB
User -> App : Login Request
App -> DB : Validate Credentials
DB --> App : User Data
App --> User : Auth Token
@enduml
@startuml
class User {
+id: int
+name: string
+email: string
+login(): bool
}
class Order {
+id: int
+total: float
+items: List
+calculateTotal(): float
}
User "1" -- "*" Order : places
@enduml
@startuml
start
:Initialize;
if (Is Valid?) then (yes)
:Process Data;
:Save Result;
else (no)
:Log Error;
stop
endif
:Complete;
stop
@enduml
@startuml
[*] --> Idle
Idle --> Processing : start
Processing --> Success : complete
Processing --> Error : fail
Success --> [*]
Error --> Idle : retry
@enduml
@startuml
[Client] as client
[API Gateway] as gateway
[Service A] as svcA
[Service B] as svcB
[Database] as db
client --> gateway
gateway --> svcA
gateway --> svcB
svcA --> db
svcB --> db
@enduml
@startuml
actor "User" as user
actor "Admin" as admin
rectangle "System" {
user -- (Login)
user -- (View Profile)
user -- (Update Settings)
admin -- (Manage Users)
admin -- (Configure System)
}
@enduml
@startuml
actor "User" as user
node "Load Balancer" as lb
node "Web Server 1" as ws1
node "Web Server 2" as ws2
database "Primary DB" as db1
database "Replica DB" as db2
user --> lb
lb --> ws1
lb --> ws2
ws1 --> db1
ws2 --> db1
db1 --> db2 : replicate
@enduml
# Specify output directory
plantuml -txt -o ./output diagram.puml
# Process all files in directory
plantuml -txt ./diagrams/
# Verbose output
plantuml -txt -v diagram.puml
# Specify charset
plantuml -txt -charset UTF-8 diagram.puml
<target name="generate-ascii">
<plantuml dir="./src" format="txt" />
</target>
<target name="generate-unicode-ascii">
<plantuml dir="./src" format="utxt" />
</target>
- Keep it simple: Complex diagrams don't render well in ASCII
- Short labels: Long text breaks ASCII alignment
- Use Unicode (
-utxt): Better visual quality with box-drawing chars
- Test before sharing: Verify in terminal with fixed-width font
- Consider alternatives: For complex diagrams, use Mermaid.js or graphviz
Standard ASCII (-txt):
,---. ,---.
|Bob| |Alice|
`---' `---'
| hello |
|------------->|
| |
| Is it ok? |
|<-------------|
| |
Unicode ASCII (-utxt):
┌─────┐ ┌─────┐
│ Bob │ │Alice│
└─────┘ └─────┘
│ hello │
│─────────────>│
│ │
│ Is it ok? │
│<─────────────│
│ │
# Create sequence diagram in ASCII
@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Request
Bob --> Alice: Response
@enduml
plantuml -txt seq.puml
# Create with Unicode
plantuml -utxt seq.puml
Problem: Garbled Unicode characters
- Solution: Ensure terminal supports UTF-8 and has proper font
Problem: Diagram looks misaligned
- Solution: Use fixed-width font (Courier, Monaco, Consolas)
Problem: Command not found
- Solution: Install PlantUML or use Java JAR directly
Problem: Output file not created
- Solution: Check file permissions, ensure PlantUML has write access